Prosthetic knees are critical components of lower-limb prostheses, designed to replicate the function of the natural knee joint and support smooth, safe, and efficient movement. They play a vital role in restoring mobility, stability, and confidence for individuals with above-knee amputations. Modern prosthetic knees come in a variety of designs, each tailored to meet specific activity levels, lifestyles, and clinical needs.
Types of Prosthetic Knees:
-
Single-Axis Knees: Simple hinge mechanisms that allow flexion and extension. Lightweight and cost-effective, they are often suited for lower-activity users who require basic stability.
-
Polycentric Knees (Four-Bar Knees): Feature multiple pivot points to provide a more natural walking pattern, enhanced stability during stance, and easier toe clearance during swing. Commonly used for users needing extra stability or a more natural gait.
-
Weight-Activated Stance Control Knees: Designed with a braking mechanism that locks the knee when weight is applied, preventing buckling. Ideal for new amputees or those requiring additional stance stability.
-
Pneumatic and Hydraulic Knees: Use air (pneumatic) or fluid (hydraulic) resistance to control swing and stance, offering smoother, more natural gait at varying walking speeds.
-
Microprocessor-Controlled Knees (MPKs): Equipped with sensors and computer processors that continuously adjust resistance in real time. These knees provide adaptive stability, stumble recovery, and energy efficiency—ideal for active users and those navigating varied terrains.
-
Specialized Knees: Some models are designed for high-performance needs such as sports, running, or water activities, offering durability and flexibility for specific environments.
By choosing the right prosthetic knee, users can achieve improved comfort, mobility, and independence. Orthotists and prosthetists carefully assess factors such as activity level, weight, health condition, and lifestyle to determine the most suitable knee design.
